We interpret heritage, in the wider sense, as movable and immovable objects of value, mostly historical but some contemporary. In some cases the monuments are not individual buildings or objects but whole collections, to include the environment in which they are found.
From a specialist point of view, the heritage value of an immovable heritage object may be attributed to its architecture or construction, or even to its technological execution or craftsmanship. Heritage value may also arise from the artistic or socio-historic significance of an object; this can apply to movable heritage items as well.
From the legal perspective, a special status is held by protected heritage objects or ensembles designated as such by law or statutory declaration, whose ownership binds regardless of its character (state, church, private owners). This applies to objects classified as National Cultural Properties (roughly equivalent to English Grade I) and Cultural Heritage Assets (roughly equivalent to English Grade II) including their environment, or Heritage Reservations or Zones, including protective buffer zones. Special standing is given to heritage on the UNESCO World Heritage List (external link), which comprises the tangible and intangible heritage of humanity. Listed buildings and objects, as well as conservation areas and localities are governed by the Act on State Heritage Preservation and by international conventions.
The reason for protecting heritage objects and heritage ensembles is the public interest in their preservation for future generations. They represent an integral part of our cultural environment and national identity in a united Europe. They also illustrate the development of learning, artistic expression and craftsmanship of our ancestors. Their economic significance cannot be overlooked, particularly in tourism and related industries.
Expert Consultancy
Expert consultancy in the field of heritage preservation is founded on the current state of knowledge about cultural-historical values. The basic principle of heritage preservation is the conservation of historical authenticity, primarily by protecting or ‘rescuing’ the original features of the object.
Protecting an original object undergoing wear and tear and other influences (especially climactic) involves regular maintenance, timely building renovation or landscaping, or conservation-restoration in the case of specific artistic or technical works. A prerequisite of successful restoration is the use, where possible, of original materials, methods and technologies corresponding to the period when the object was created or significantly modified. Occasionally, modern approach is acceptable, but only if absolute respect to the character of the historic building is maintained. In such cases, a highly sophisticated and contextual construction design is required for the new elements. It is equally important to find a suitable use for the monument, ideally reflecting its original purpose.
In all of the above-mentioned cases, it is imperative to have general knowledge of art history as well as knowledge of the specific construction history of the object. Specialist publications of the National Heritage Institute and other institutions are available to assist with these matters. Expert consultancy is also available on specific Public Consultation Days.
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